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''Ignoratio elenchi'', also known as irrelevant conclusion,〔Bishop Whately, cited by John Stuart Mill: ''A System of Logic''. London Colchester 1959 (first: 1843), pp. 542.〕 is the informal fallacy of presenting an argument that may or may not be logically valid, but fails nonetheless to address the issue in question. More colloquially, it is also known as missing the point. ''Ignoratio elenchi'' falls into the broad class of relevance fallacies.〔 It is one of the fallacies identified by Aristotle in his ''Organon''. In a broader sense he asserted that all fallacies are a form of ''ignoratio elenchi''.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Ignoratio Elenchi )〕 The phrase ''ignoratio elenchi'' is . Here ''elenchi'' is the genitive singular of the Latin noun ''elenchus'', which is . The translation in English of the Latin expression has varied somewhat. Hamblin proposed "misconception of refutation" or "ignorance of refutation" as a literal translation,〔 John Arthur Oesterle preferred "ignoring the issue",〔 Irving Copi, Christopher Tindale and others used "irrelevant conclusion". An example might be a situation where A and B are debating whether the law permits A to do something. :''A'': I want to use the unwritten law (the right of a cuckolded husband to kill his unfaithful wife's lover) to kill C. :''B'': But the law in this state specifically does not recognize the unwritten law. :''A'': Well, ''it ought to'' recognize it. A's attempt to support his position with an argument that the law ''ought'' to allow him to do this, would make him guilty of ''ignoratio elenchi''.〔H. W. Fowler, ''A Dictionary of Modern English Usage''. Entry for ''ignoratio elenchi''.〕 (And if he did do that, probably guilty of premeditated murder.) Dr Johnson's unique "refutation" of Bishop Berkeley's immaterialism, his claim that matter did not actually exist but only seemed to exist, has been described as ''ignoratio elenchi'':〔Bagnall, Nicholas. ''Books: Paperbacks'', The Sunday Telegraph 3 March 1996〕 during a conversation with Boswell, Johnson powerfully kicked a nearby stone and proclaimed of Berkeley's theory, "I refute it ''thus''!" (See also ''argumentum ad lapidem''.) A related concept is that of the red herring, which is a deliberate attempt to divert a process of enquiry by changing the subject. Ignoratio elenchi is sometimes confused with straw man argument.〔 ==See also== *''Ad hominem'' *Begging the question *Chewbacca defense *Enthymeme *Evasion (ethics) *List of fallacies *''Non sequitur'' (logic) *Sophism 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「ignoratio elenchi」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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